Cara Menentukan Periode dan Golongan

>Hello Sohib EditorOnline, welcome to this journal article where we will be discussing how to determine the period and group of an element in the periodic table.

What is the Periodic Table?

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of all known chemical elements. This arrangement is done in order of their atomic number, electron configurations and chemical properties. The rows in the periodic table are called periods while the vertical columns are called groups. There are 7 periods and 18 groups in the modern periodic table.

What are Periods?

Periods in the periodic table are horizontal rows that show the number of electron shells present in each element within that row. The first period contains only two elements, hydrogen and helium. The second period contains eight elements, and so on until the seventh period which contains 32 elements.

For example, consider the third period of the periodic table. It contains the elements sodium (11), magnesium (12), aluminum (13), silicon (14), phosphorus (15), sulfur (16) and chlorine (17). These elements all have three electron shells around their nucleus.

What are Groups?

Groups in the periodic table are vertical columns that show the number of valence electrons present in each element within that column. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons. For example, elements in group 1 of the periodic table all have one valence electron which makes them highly reactive.

For example, consider group 17 of the periodic table. This is also known as the halogen group and contains fluorine (9), chlorine (17), bromine (35), iodine (53) and astatine (85). All of these elements have seven valence electrons which make them highly reactive and likely to form ionic bonds with other elements.

How to Determine the Period of an Element

To determine the period of an element, you need to look at the highest energy level in its electron configuration. This is also known as the valence shell. The period of the element is equal to the number of occupied energy levels or electron shells in its valence shell.

Example of Determining the Period of an Element

Let’s take the element potassium (K) as an example. Its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1. From this electron configuration, we can see that the highest energy level or valence shell is the fourth shell. Therefore, potassium is in the fourth period of the periodic table.

How to Determine the Group of an Element

To determine the group of an element, you need to look at the number of valence electrons it has. Elements with the same number of valence electrons are in the same group.

Example of Determining the Group of an Element

Let’s take the element oxygen (O) as an example. Its electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p4. From this electron configuration, we can see that oxygen has six valence electrons. Therefore, oxygen is in group 16 of the periodic table.

FAQ

In conclusion, we have discussed how to determine the period and group of an element in the periodic table. By following these simple steps, you can easily determine the properties and characteristics of any element in the periodic table.

Cara Menentukan Periode dan Golongan