>Hello Sohib EditorOnline, welcome to our article about cara membaca idgham bilaghunnah. In this article, we will discuss this topic in relaxed Indonesian language, providing you with detailed explanations and examples to help you understand this important concept in Islamic recitation. So let’s dive in!
Introduction to Idgham Bilaghunnah
Idgham bilaghunnah is a tajweed rule in Arabic language that deals with the merging of two consecutive letters in the Quran when the second letter is a noon or a meem with a sukun (a diacritical mark indicating absence of a vowel sound). Instead of pronouncing the letters separately, they should be merged together. This is done by pronouncing the first letter with a nasal sound and suppressing it quickly before merging it with the second letter. This is called idgham bilaghunnah.
Idgham bilaghunnah is a crucial part of proper Quran recitation, since it affects the clarity and beauty of the recitation. Mastering this rule is essential for anyone who wants to recite the Quran with proper tajweed.
Rules of Idgham Bilaghunnah
There are several rules that govern idgham bilaghunnah in Quran recitation. These rules include:
| Rule | Description |
|---|---|
| Idgham mutamathilain | Merging of two similar letters, such as noon and noon or meem and meem. |
| Idgham mithlayn | Merging of two identical letters, such as noon and noon saakin or meem and meem saakin. |
| Idgham wajib | Merging of certain letters, such as ta with ta marbuta, ba with ba saakin, jeem with jeem saakin, and ha with ha saakin. |
| Idgham tawil | Merging of two letters with a long nasal sound, such as lain and yain. |
Each of these rules has its own specific conditions and exceptions, which we will explore in the following sections.
Idgham Mutamathilain
Idgham mutamathilain is the merging of two similar letters, such as noon and noon or meem and meem. This type of idgham is mandatory and must be applied whenever it occurs. The rule applies when the two letters are in succession and the second letter has a sukun.
For example, in Surah Al-Fatiha, verse 2:
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ
Alhamdu lillahi rabbil ‘aalameen.
Here, the noon in lillahi and the meem in rabbil are both followed by a sukun. Thus, they must be pronounced together as one nasal sound.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, if the second letter has a shaddah (a diacritical mark indicating double consonant), idgham mutamathilain is not applied. Additionally, if the two similar letters belong to different words, idgham is not applied either.
Examples of Idgham Mutamathilain
Let’s take a look at some examples of idgham mutamathilain in Quranic verses:
- Noon and noon saakin:
- Meem and meem saakin:
لَوْلَا كَانَتْ قَرْيَةٌ آمَنَتْ فَنَفَعَهَا إِيمَانُهَا إِلَّا قَوْمَ يُونُسَ لَمَّا آمَنُواْ
Lawla kānat qaryatun āmanat fanafa’ahā īmānuhā illā qawma yūnusa lammā āmanū.
In this verse, the noon in āmanat and the noon saakin in fanafa’ahā are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
وَلِيَٰتِلِيَةٍ عَلَىٰ هَٰذَا الْأَمْرِ ۗ إِنَّهُمْ لَقَٰدِرُونَ عَلَيْهِ بِرَأْيِهِمْ
Wa liyayatilīyah ‘alá hadhāl amri innahum laqādirūna ‘alayhi bi ra’iyihim.
In this verse, the meem in liyayatilīyah and the meem saakin in laqādirūna are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
Idgham Mithlayn
Idgham mithlayn is the merging of two identical letters, such as noon and noon saakin or meem and meem saakin. This type of idgham is also mandatory and must be applied whenever it occurs. The rule applies when the two identical letters are in succession and the second letter has a sukun.
For example, in Surah Al-Fatiha, verse 3:
ٱلرَّحْمَٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Arrahmānir rahīm.
Here, the noon in arrahmāni and the noon saakin in arrahīmi are both followed by a sukun. Thus, they must be pronounced together as one nasal sound.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule as well. If the two identical letters belong to different words, idgham is not applied. Additionally, if the two identical letters are not pronounced the same way, idgham is not applied either.
Examples of Idgham Mithlayn
Let’s take a look at some examples of idgham mithlayn in Quranic verses:
- Noon and noon saakin:
- Meem and meem saakin:
قَدْ خَلَتْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِم مِّن قَرْنٍ فَنَادَوْا فَلَمْ يَنفَعْهُمْ مَّا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ
Qad khalat min qablihim min qarnin fanādaw falam yanfa’hum mā kānū yaksibūn.
In this verse, the noon in khala and the noon saakin in qarnin are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ
Wa mā adrāka mā yawmul dīn.
In this verse, the meem in mā and the meem saakin in mā are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
Idgham Wajib
Idgham wajib is the merging of certain letters, such as ta with ta marbuta, ba with ba saakin, jeem with jeem saakin, and ha with ha saakin. This type of idgham is mandatory and must be applied whenever it occurs.
The rule applies when the letters are in succession and the second letter has a sukun. The merged letters are pronounced with a nasal sound similar to idgham bilaghunnah.
For example, in Surah Al-Fatiha, verse 4:
مَٰلِكِ يَوْمِ ٱلدِّينِ
Māliki yawmid dīn.
Here, the kaaf in Maliki and the ya’ in yawmi are both followed by a sukun. Thus, they must be pronounced together as one nasal sound.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If the second letter has a shaddah, idgham wajib is not applied. Additionally, if the two letters belong to different words, idgham is not applied either.
Examples of Idgham Wajib
Let’s take a look at some examples of idgham wajib in Quranic verses:
- Ta with ta marbuta:
- Ba with ba saakin:
- Jeem with jeem saakin:
- Ha with ha saakin:
يُخَادِعُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَمَا يَخْدَعُونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ
Yukhādi’ūna Allāha wallathīna āmanū wa mā yakhda’ūna illā anfusahum wa mā yash’urūn.
In this verse, the ta in yukhādi’ūna and the ta marbuta in Allāha are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
إِذْ قَالَتِ ٱلْمَلَٰٓئِكَةُ يَٰمَرْيَمُ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُبَشِّرُكِ بِكَلِمَةٍ مِّنْهُ اسْمُهُ ٱلْمَسِيحُ عِيسَى ٱبْنُ مَرْيَمَ
Ith qālatil malā’ikatu yā Maryamu innallāha yubashshiruki bikalimatin minhu ismuhul Masīhu ‘Īsā ibnum Maryama.
In this verse, the ba in yubashshiruki and the ba saakin in bikalimatin are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
وَٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ ٱلْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَٰتِ بِغَيْرِ مَا ٱكْتَسَبُواْ فَقَدِ ٱحْتَمَلُواْ بُهْتَٰنًا وَإِثْمًا مُّبِينًا
Walladhīna yu’dhūnal mū’minīna wal mū’mināti bighayri mā ikhtasabū faqad ihtamalū buhtānan wa ithman mubīnan.
In this verse, the jeem in yu’dhūna and the jeem saakin in mū’minīna are both followed by a sukun. Therefore, they must be pronounced as one nasal sound.
يَوْمَ يَأْتِى بَعْضُ ءَايَٰتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ ءَامَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِىٓ إِيمَٰنِهَا خَيْرًا
Yawma ya’ti ba’đu āyāti Rabbika lā yanfa’u nafsan īmānūhā lam takun āmanat min qablu au kasabat fī īmānihā khayrā.
In this verse, the ha in